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<section id="condor-populations-project-3" class="level1">
<h1>Condor Populations Project 3</h1>
<p>Michael Thomas, Emily, Menna</p>
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb1"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb1-1"><a href="#cb1-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">source</span>(<span class="st">"project.R"</span>)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
<section id="part-a.-suppose-year-1-immature-and-adult-birds-have-the-same-mortality-rate-0.086." class="level2">
<h2 class="anchored" data-anchor-id="part-a.-suppose-year-1-immature-and-adult-birds-have-the-same-mortality-rate-0.086.">Part A. Suppose year 1, immature, and adult birds have the same mortality rate, 0.086.</h2>
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb2"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb2-1"><a href="#cb2-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">simulate_condor_population</span>(<span class="fl">0.086</span>, <span class="fl">0.086</span>, <span class="fl">0.086</span>)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
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<figure class="figure">
<p><img src="Report_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-2-1.png" class="img-fluid figure-img" width="672"></p>
</figure>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="part-b.-suppose-year-1-and-immature-birds-have-a-mortality-rate-of-0.138-while-adult-condors-have-a-mortality-of-half-that-amount-0.069." class="level2">
<h2 class="anchored" data-anchor-id="part-b.-suppose-year-1-and-immature-birds-have-a-mortality-rate-of-0.138-while-adult-condors-have-a-mortality-of-half-that-amount-0.069.">Part B. Suppose year 1 and immature birds have a mortality rate of 0.138, while adult condors have a mortality of half that amount, 0.069.</h2>
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb3"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb3-1"><a href="#cb3-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">simulate_condor_population</span>(<span class="fl">0.138</span>, <span class="fl">0.138</span>, <span class="fl">0.069</span>)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
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<figure class="figure">
<p><img src="Report_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-3-1.png" class="img-fluid figure-img" width="672"></p>
</figure>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="part-c.-bustamante-1996-found-a-mortality-of-65.9-for-year-1-bearded-vultures.-use-this-mortality-and-immature-and-adult-mortality-of-0.086." class="level2">
<h2 class="anchored" data-anchor-id="part-c.-bustamante-1996-found-a-mortality-of-65.9-for-year-1-bearded-vultures.-use-this-mortality-and-immature-and-adult-mortality-of-0.086.">Part C. (Bustamante 1996) found a mortality of 65.9% for year-1 bearded vultures. Use this mortality and immature and adult mortality of 0.086.</h2>
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb4"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb4-1"><a href="#cb4-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">simulate_condor_population</span>(<span class="fl">0.659</span>, <span class="fl">0.086</span>, <span class="fl">0.086</span>)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output-display">
<div>
<figure class="figure">
<p><img src="Report_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-4-1.png" class="img-fluid figure-img" width="672"></p>
</figure>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="part-d.-consider-year-1-immature-and-adult-mortalities-of-0.659-0.138-and-0.069-respectively." class="level2">
<h2 class="anchored" data-anchor-id="part-d.-consider-year-1-immature-and-adult-mortalities-of-0.659-0.138-and-0.069-respectively.">Part D. Consider year 1, immature, and adult mortalities of 0.659, 0.138, and 0.069, respectively.</h2>
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb5"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb5-1"><a href="#cb5-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">simulate_condor_population</span>(<span class="fl">0.659</span>, <span class="fl">0.138</span>, <span class="fl">0.069</span>)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output-display">
<div>
<figure class="figure">
<p><img src="Report_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-5-1.png" class="img-fluid figure-img" width="672"></p>
</figure>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="part-e.-consider-year-1-immature-and-adult-mortalities-of-0.659-0.099-and-0.099-respectively." class="level2">
<h2 class="anchored" data-anchor-id="part-e.-consider-year-1-immature-and-adult-mortalities-of-0.659-0.099-and-0.099-respectively.">Part E. Consider year 1, immature, and adult mortalities of 0.659, 0.099, and 0.099, respectively.</h2>
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb6"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb6-1"><a href="#cb6-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">simulate_condor_population</span>(<span class="fl">0.659</span>, <span class="fl">0.099</span>, <span class="fl">0.099</span>)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output-display">
<div>
<figure class="figure">
<p><img src="Report_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-6-1.png" class="img-fluid figure-img" width="672"></p>
</figure>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="part-f.-under-the-assumptions-of-part-d-suppose-that-a-program-of-double-clutching-persists-for-five-years.-afterwards-all-captive-birds-are-returned-to-the-wild.-compare-the-number-of-wild-condors-for-this-scenario-to-that-in-part-d." class="level2">
<h2 class="anchored" data-anchor-id="part-f.-under-the-assumptions-of-part-d-suppose-that-a-program-of-double-clutching-persists-for-five-years.-afterwards-all-captive-birds-are-returned-to-the-wild.-compare-the-number-of-wild-condors-for-this-scenario-to-that-in-part-d.">Part F. Under the assumptions of Part d, suppose that a program of double-clutching persists for five years. Afterwards, all captive birds are returned to the wild. Compare the number of wild condors for this scenario to that in Part d.&nbsp;</h2>
</section>
</section>
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# Condor Populations Project 3
Emily Fowler, Menna Ellaqanny, Michael Thomas
```{r}
source("project.R")
```
## Part A. Suppose year 1, immature, and adult birds have the same mortality rate, 0.086.
```{r}
simulate_condor_population(0.086, 0.086, 0.086)
```
## Part B. Suppose year 1 and immature birds have a mortality rate of 0.138, while adult condors have a mortality of half that amount, 0.069.
```{r}
simulate_condor_population(0.138, 0.138, 0.069)
```
## Part C. (Bustamante 1996) found a mortality of 65.9% for year-1 bearded vultures. Use this mortality and immature and adult mortality of 0.086.
```{r}
simulate_condor_population(0.659, 0.086, 0.086)
```
## Part D. Consider year 1, immature, and adult mortalities of 0.659, 0.138, and 0.069, respectively.
```{r}
simulate_condor_population(0.659, 0.138, 0.069)
```
## Part E. Consider year 1, immature, and adult mortalities of 0.659, 0.099, and 0.099, respectively.
```{r}
simulate_condor_population(0.659, 0.099, 0.099)
```
## Part F. Under the assumptions of Part d, suppose that a program of double-clutching persists for five years. Afterwards, all captive birds are returned to the wild. Compare the number of wild condors for this scenario to that in Part d.

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####################
# Global Constants #
####################
# age at which birds in captivity begin breeding (become adults)
captive_begin_breeding <- 7
# age at which birds in the wild begin breeding (become adults)
wild_begin_breeding <- 8
# if the captive population exceeds this amount, then the entire year one
# population will be released
max_in_captivity <- 150
# carrying capacity in the wild
wild_carrying_capacity <- 400
# percentage of children which will make it to year 1 in captivity,
# per mating pair
captive_productivity_rate <- 0.9
# percentage of children which will make it to year 1 in captivity,
# per mating pair (with double clutching)
captive_productivity_rate_dc <- 1.8
# percentage of children which will make it to year 1, per mating pair
wild_productivity_rate <- 0.3729
################################
# Global Simulation Parameters #
################################
# number of years to simulate
simulation_years <- 50
######################
# Derived Parameters #
######################
# rate at which captive immature birds will become adults
# an approximation which assumes an equal distribution of immature bird ages
captive_immature_to_adult_rate <- 1 / (captive_begin_breeding - 2)
# rate at which wild immature birds will become adults
# an approximation which assumes an equal distribution of immature bird ages
wild_immature_to_adult_rate <- 1 / (wild_begin_breeding - 2)
# Simulates the Condor population over time using the given parameters.
# * `rd1` - death rate of year one birds
# * `rdI` - death rate of immature birds
# * `rdA` - death rate of adult birds
simulate_condor_population <- function(rd1, rdI, rdA) {
# captive population groups
c_Y0 <- c(10)
c_Y1 <- c(10)
c_I <- c(10)
c_A <- c(10)
# wild population groups
w_Y0 <- c()
w_Y1 <- c()
w_I <- c()
w_A <- c()
years <- seq(1, simulation_years)
for (t in 2:simulation_years) {
# model captive population changes (year 1, immature, and adult)
c_Y1[t] <- c_Y0[t - 1] - # last year's population
rd1 * c_Y0[t - 1] # outflow to deaths
c_I[t] <- c_I[t - 1] - # last year's population
rdI * c_I[t - 1] - # outflow to deaths
captive_immature_to_adult_rate * c_I[t - 1] + # outflow to adult
c_Y1[t - 1] # inflow from year 1
c_A[t] <- c_A[t - 1] - # last year's population
rdA * c_A[t - 1] + # outflow to deaths
captive_immature_to_adult_rate * c_I[t - 1] # inflow from immature
# model new births in captive population
c_Y0[t] <- captive_productivity_rate * (c_A[t] / 2)
# sum of all population groups
captive_population <- c_Y0[t] + c_Y1[t] + c_I[t] + c_A[t]
released_to_wild <- if (captive_population > max_in_captivity) {
c_Y1[t]
} else {
0.8 * c_Y1[t]
}
# subtract the released birds from the captive year one population
c_Y1[t] <- c_Y1[t] - released_to_wild
}
captive_population <- c_Y0 + c_Y1 + c_I + c_A
plot(
years,
c_Y0,
ylim = c(0, 50),
col = "red",
main = "Condor Population in Captivity",
xlab = "Time (years)",
ylab = "Population"
)
points(years, c_Y1, col = "orange")
points(years, c_I, col = "darkgreen")
points(years, c_A, col = "blue")
points(years, captive_population)
}